用正则表达式验证邮件地址似乎是一件简单的事情，但是如果要完美的验证一个合规的邮件地址，其实也许很复杂。
邮件地址的规范来自于 RFC 5322 。有一个网站 emailregex.com 专门列出各种编程语言下的验证邮件地址的正则表达式，其中很多正则表达式都是我听说过而从未见过的复杂——我想说，做这个网站的程序员是被邮件验证这件事伤害了多深啊！
其实，在产品环境中，一般来说并不需要这么复杂的正则表达式来做到99.99%正确。一般来说，从执行效率和测试覆盖率来说，只需要一个简单的版本即可：
/^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}$/i
那么下面我们来看看这些更严谨、更复杂的正则表达式吧：
验证邮件地址的通用正则表达式（符合 RFC 5322 标准）
(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:\.[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)*|"(?:[\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x21\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7f]|\
\[\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])*”)@(?:(?:[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?\.)+[a-z0-9](?:[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?|\]
!(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x21-\x5a\x53-\x7f]|\
\[\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f])+)\]
)
由于各种语言对正则表达式的支持不同、语法差异和覆盖率不同，所以，不同语言里面的正则表达式也不同：
Python
这个是个简单的版本：
r"(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$)"
Javascript
这个有点复杂了：
/^[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{\'?]+(\.[-a-z0-9~!$%^&*_=+}{\'?]+)*@([a-z0-9_][-a-z0-9_]*(\.[-a-z0-9_]+)*\.(aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|int|mil|museum|name|net|org|pro|travel|mobi|[a-z][a-z])|([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}))(:[0-9]{1,5})?$/i
Swift
[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}
PHP
PHP 的这个版本就更复杂了，覆盖率就更大一些：
/^(?!(?:(?:\x22?\x5C[\x00-\x7E]\x22?)|(?:\x22?[^\x5C\x22]\x22?)){255,})(?!(?:(?:\x22?\x5C[\x00-\x7E]\x22?)|(?:\x22?[^\x5C\x22]\x22?)){65,}@)(?:(?:[\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D\x2F-\x39\x3D\x3F\x5E-\x7E]+)|(?:\x22(?:[\x01-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x21\x23-\x5B\x5D-\x7F]|(?:\x5C[\x00-\x7F]))*\x22))(?:\.(?:(?:[\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D\x2F-\x39\x3D\x3F\x5E-\x7E]+)|(?:\x22(?:[\x01-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x21\x23-\x5B\x5D-\x7F]|(?:\x5C[\x00-\x7F]))*\x22)))*@(?:(?:(?!.*[^.]{64,})(?:(?:(?:xn--)?[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*\.){1,126}){1,}(?:(?:[a-z][a-z0-9]*)|(?:(?:xn--)[a-z0-9]+))(?:-[a-z0-9]+)*)|(?:
\[(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){7})|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9][:\]
]){7,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?)))|(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){5}:)|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){5,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3}:)?)))?(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))(?:\.(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))){3}))
\())$/iD
Perl / Ruby
?? PHP ????Perl ? Ruby ???????????
(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])*(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;:\\".\)
! \( 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])+|\Z|(?=[\) !”()<>@,;:\\”. \[\] ]))|”(?:[^\”\r\ \(|\\.|(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t]))*”(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])*)(?:\.(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\\”.\) ! \( 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])+|\Z|(?=[\) !”()<>@,;:\\”. \[\] ]))|”(?:[^\”\r\ \(|\\.|(?:(?:\r\n)?[\t]))*”(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])*))*@(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])*(?:[^()<>@,;:\\”.\) ! \( 00-31]+(?:(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])+|\Z|(?=[\) !”()<>@,;:\\”. \[\]
]))|
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]))|
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]))|
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]))|
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]))|
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]))|
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]))|
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]))|
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]))|
\[([^\]
!\(\r\\) |\\.)*
\((?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])*))*\>(?:(?:\r\n)?[ \t])*))*)?;\s
Perl 5.10 ?????
????????????????????????????????????? Perl ?????????????????????
/(?(DEFINE) (?(?&mailbox) | (?&group)) (? (?&name_addr) | (?&addr_spec)) (? (?&display_name)? (?∠_addr)) (? (?&CFWS)?<(?&addr_spec) > (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&display_name) : (?:(?&mailbox_list) | (?&CFWS))? ; (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&phrase)) (? (?&mailbox) (?: , (?&mailbox))*) (? (?&local_part) \@ (?&domain)) (? (?˙_atom) | (?"ed_string)) (? (?˙_atom) | (?&domain_literal)) (? (?&CFWS)? \)
! (?: (?&FWS)? (?&dcontent))* (?&FWS)?
\( (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&dtext) | (?"ed_pair)) (? (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [\x21-\x5a\x5e-\x7e]) (? (?&ALPHA) | (?&DIGIT) | [!#\$%&’*+-/=?^_`{|}~]) (? (?&CFWS)? (?&atext)+ (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&CFWS)? (?˙_atom_text) (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&atext)+ (?: \. (?&atext)+)*) (? [\x01-\x09\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x7f]) (? \\ (?&text)) (? (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [\x21\x23-\x5b\x5d-\x7e]) (? (?&qtext) | (?"ed_pair)) (? (?&CFWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?:(?&FWS)? (?&qcontent))* (?&FWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?&CFWS)?) (? (?&atom) | (?"ed_string)) (? (?&word)+) # Folding white space (? (?: (?&WSP)* (?&CRLF))? (?&WSP)+) (? (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [\x21-\x27\x2a-\x5b\x5d-\x7e]) (? (?&ctext) | (?"ed_pair) | (?&comment)) (? \)
(?: (?&FWS)? (?&ccontent))* (?&FWS)? $$ ) (?<CFWS> (?: (?&FWS)? (?&comment))* (?: (?:(?&FWS)? (?&comment)) | (?&FWS))) # No whitespace control (?<NO_WS_CTL> [\x01-\x08\x0b\x0c\x0e-\x1f\x7f]) (?<ALPHA> [A-Za-z]) (?<DIGIT> [0-9]) (?<CRLF> \x0d \x0a) (?<DQUOTE> “) (?<WSP> [\x20\x09]) ) (?&address)/x
Ruby (简单版)
Ruby 表示，其实人家还有个简单版本：
/\A([\w+\-].?)+@[a-z\d\-]+(\.[a-z]+)*\.[a-z]+\z/i
.NET
这样的版本谁没有啊——.NET 说：
^\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*$
grep 命令
用 grep 命令在文件中查找邮件地址，我想你不会写个若干行的正则表达式吧，意思一下就行了：
$ grep -E -o "\b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}\b" filename.txt
SQL Server
在 SQL Server 中也是可以用正则表达式的，不过这个代码片段应该是来自某个产品环境中的，所以，还体贴的照顾了那些把邮件地址写错的人：
select email
from table_name where
patindex ('%[ &'',":;!+=\/()<>]%', email) > 0 -- Invalid characters
or patindex ('[@.-_]%', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be starting character
or patindex ('%[@.-_]', email) > 0 -- Valid but cannot be ending character
or email not like '%@%.%' -- Must contain at least one @ and one .
or email like '%..%' -- Cannot have two periods in a row
or email like '%@%@%' -- Cannot have two @ anywhere
or email like '%.@%' or email like '%@.%' -- Cannot have @ and . next to each other
or email like '%.cm' or email like '%.co' -- Camaroon or Colombia? Typos.
or email like '%.or' or email like '%.ne' -- Missing last letter
Oracle PL/SQL
这个是不是有点偷懒？尤其是在那些“复杂”的正则表达式之后：
SELECT email
FROM table_name
WHERE REGEXP_LIKE (email, '[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9._%-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}');
MySQL
好吧，看来最后也一样懒：
SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `email` NOT REGEXP '^[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}$';
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