安装Redis
下载最新的
官网:http://redis.io/ 或者 http://code.google.com/p/redis/downloads/list
第一步:下载安装编译
#wget http://redis.googlecode.com/files/redis-2.4.4.tar.gz
#tar zxvf redis-2.4.4.tar.gz
#cd redis-2.4.4
#make
#make install
#cp redis.conf /etc/
第二步:修改配置
第三步:启动进程
#redis-server /etc/redis.conf
查看进程有没有成功启动
关闭redis
# redis-cli shutdown //关闭所有
关闭某个端口上的redis
# redis-cli -p 6397 shutdown //关闭6397端口的redis
说明:关闭以后缓存数据会自动dump到硬盘上,硬盘地址见redis.conf中的dbfilename dump.rdb
PHP扩展
- # Redis configuration file example
- # Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specifiy
- # it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
- #
- # 1k => 1000 bytes
- # 1kb => 1024 bytes
- # 1m => 1000000 bytes
- # 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
- # 1g => 1000000000 bytes
- # 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
- #
- # units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
- # By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use ‘yes’ if you need it.
- # Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
- daemonize yes
- # When running daemonized, Redis writes a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by
- # default. You can specify a custom pid file location here.
- pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
- # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379.
- # If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
- port 6379
- # If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not
- # specified all the interfaces will listen for incoming connections.
- #
- bind 127.0.0.1
- # Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for
- # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
- # on a unix socket when not specified.
- #
- # unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
- # unixsocketperm 755
- # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
- timeout 600
- # Set server verbosity to ‘debug’
- # it can be one of:
- # debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
- # verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
- # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
- # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
- loglevel verbose
- # Specify the log file name. Also ‘stdout’ can be used to force
- # Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
- # output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
- logfile stdout
- # To enable logging to the system logger, just set ‘syslog-enabled’ to yes,
- # and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
- # syslog-enabled no
- # Specify the syslog identity.
- # syslog-ident redis
- # Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
- # syslog-facility local0
- # Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
- # a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
- # dbid is a number between 0 and ‘databases’-1
- databases 16
- ################################ SNAPSHOTTING #################################
- #
- # Save the DB on disk:
- #
- # save <seconds> <changes>
- #
- # Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
- # number of write operations against the DB occurred.
- #
- # In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
- # after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
- # after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
- # after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
- #
- # Note: you can disable saving at all commenting all the “save” lines.
- save 900 1
- save 300 10
- save 60 10000
- # Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
- # For default that’s set to ‘yes’ as it’s almost always a win.
- # If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to ‘no’ but
- # the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
- rdbcompression yes
- # The filename where to dump the DB
- dbfilename dump.rdb
- # The working directory.
- #
- # The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
- # above using the ‘dbfilename’ configuration directive.
- #
- # Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory.
- #
- # Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
- dir /usr/local/redis-2.4.4
- ################################# REPLICATION #################################
- # Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
- # another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave
- # so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
- # different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
- #
- # slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
- # If the master is password protected (using the “requirepass” configuration
- # directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
- # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
- # refuse the slave request.
- #
- # masterauth <master-password>
- # When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication
- # is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:
- #
- # 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to ‘yes’ (the default) the slave will
- # still reply to client requests, possibly with out of data data, or the
- # data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
- #
- # 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to ‘no’ the slave will reply with
- # an error “SYNC with master in progress” to all the kind of commands
- # but to INFO and SLAVEOF.
- #
- slave-serve-stale-data yes
- ################################## SECURITY ###################################
- # Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
- # commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
- # others with access to the host running redis-server.
- #
- # This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
- # people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
- #
- # Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
- # 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
- # use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
- #
- # requirepass foobared
- # Command renaming.
- #
- # It is possilbe to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
- # environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
- # of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use
- # tools but not available for general clients.
- #
- # Example:
- #
- # rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
- #
- # It is also possilbe to completely kill a command renaming it into
- # an empty string:
- #
- # rename-command CONFIG “”
- ################################### LIMITS ####################################
- # Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there
- # is no limit, and it’s up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process
- # is able to open. The special value ‘0’ means no limits.
- # Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
- # an error ‘max number of clients reached’.
- #
- # maxclients 128
- # Don’t use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
- # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
- # EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
- # in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
- # Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
- #
- # If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
- # that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
- # to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
- #
- # WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a
- # ‘state’ server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real
- # database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
- # it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you’ll have the time
- # to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you’ll start to get
- # errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.
- #
- # maxmemory <bytes>
- # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
- # is reached? You can select among five behavior:
- #
- # volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
- # allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm
- # volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
- # allkeys->random -> remove a random key, any key
- # volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
- # noeviction -> don’t expire at all, just return an error on write operations
- #
- # Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write
- # operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.
- #
- # At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append
- # incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
- # sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
- # zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
- # getset mset msetnx exec sort
- #
- # The default is:
- #
- # maxmemory-policy volatile-lru
- # LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
- # algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample
- # size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and
- # pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size
- # using the following configuration directive.
- #
- # maxmemory-samples 3
- ############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
- # By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live
- # with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash
- # happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot
- # about your data and don’t want to that a single record can get lost you should
- # enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append
- # every write operation received in the file appendonly.aof. This file will
- # be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.
- #
- # Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
- # like (you have to comment the “save” statements above to disable the dumps).
- # Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
- # log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
- #
- # IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
- # log file in background when it gets too big.
- appendonly yes
- # The name of the append only file (default: “appendonly.aof”)
- appendfilename appendonly.aof
- # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
- # instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
- # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
- #
- # Redis supports three different modes:
- #
- # no: don’t fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
- # always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
- # everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.
- #
- # The default is “everysec” that’s usually the right compromise between
- # speed and data safety. It’s up to you to understand if you can relax this to
- # “no” that will will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
- # it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
- # some data loss consider the default persistence mode that’s snapshotting),
- # or on the contrary, use “always” that’s very slow but a bit safer than
- # everysec.
- #
- # If unsure, use “everysec”.
- # appendfsync always
- appendfsync everysec
- # appendfsync no
- # When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
- # saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
- # performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
- # Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
- # this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
- # our synchronous write(2) call.
- #
- # In order to mitigate this problem it’s possible to use the following option
- # that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
- # BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
- #
- # This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is
- # the same as “appendfsync none”, that in pratical terms means that it is
- # possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
- # default Linux settings).
- #
- # If you have latency problems turn this to “yes”. Otherwise leave it as
- # “no” that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
- no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
- # Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
- # Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
- # BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage.
- #
- # This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
- # latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of
- # the AOF at startup is used).
- #
- # This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
- # bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
- # you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
- # is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
- # is reached but it is still pretty small.
- #
- # Specify a precentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
- # rewrite feature.
- auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
- auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
- ################################## SLOW LOG ###################################
- # The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
- # execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
- # like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
- # but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
- # stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
- # other requests in the meantime).
- #
- # You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
- # what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
- # command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
- # slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
- # queue of logged commands.
- # The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
- # to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
- # a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
- slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
- # There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
- # You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
- slowlog-max-len 1024
- ################################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ###############################
- ### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4
- ### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.
- # Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual
- # amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory.
- # In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys
- # are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do
- # with memory pages.
- #
- # To enable VM just set ‘vm-enabled’ to yes, and set the following three
- # VM parameters accordingly to your needs.
- vm-enabled no
- #vm-enabled yes
- # This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files
- # can’t be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap
- # file for every redis process you are running. Redis will complain if the
- # swap file is already in use.
- #
- # The best kind of storage for the Redis swap file (that’s accessed at random)
- # is a Solid State Disk (SSD).
- #
- # *** WARNING *** if you are using a shared hosting the default of putting
- # the swap file under /tmp is not secure. Create a dir with access granted
- # only to Redis user and configure Redis to create the swap file there.
- vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
- # vm-max-memory configures the VM to use at max the specified amount of
- # RAM. Everything that deos not fit will be swapped on disk *if* possible, that
- # is, if there is still enough contiguous space in the swap file.
- #
- # With vm-max-memory 0 the system will swap everything it can. Not a good
- # default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can in bytes, but it’s
- # better to leave some margin. For instance specify an amount of RAM
- # that’s more or less between 60 and 80% of your free RAM.
- vm-max-memory 0
- # Redis swap files is split into pages. An object can be saved using multiple
- # contiguous pages, but pages can’t be shared between different objects.
- # So if your page is too big, small objects swapped out on disk will waste
- # a lot of space. If you page is too small, there is less space in the swap
- # file (assuming you configured the same number of total swap file pages).
- #
- # If you use a lot of small objects, use a page size of 64 or 32 bytes.
- # If you use a lot of big objects, use a bigger page size.
- # If unsure, use the default 🙂
- vm-page-size 32
- # Number of total memory pages in the swap file.
- # Given that the page table (a bitmap of free/used pages) is taken in memory,
- # every 8 pages on disk will consume 1 byte of RAM.
- #
- # The total swap size is vm-page-size * vm-pages
- #
- # With the default of 32-bytes memory pages and 134217728 pages Redis will
- # use a 4 GB swap file, that will use 16 MB of RAM for the page table.
- #
- # It’s better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application,
- # but the default is large in order to work in most conditions.
- vm-pages 134217728
- # Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time.
- # This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they
- # also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger
- # number of threads can help with big objects even if they can’t help with
- # I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many
- # reads/writes operations at the same time.
- #
- # The special value of 0 turn off threaded I/O and enables the blocking
- # Virtual Memory implementation.
- vm-max-threads 4
- ############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
- # Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they
- # have at max a given numer of elements, and the biggest element does not
- # exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following
- # configuration directives.
- hash-max-zipmap-entries 512
- hash-max-zipmap-value 64
- # Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order
- # to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when
- # you are under the following limits:
- list-max-ziplist-entries 512
- list-max-ziplist-value 64
- # Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
- # of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range
- # of 64 bit signed integers.
- # The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
- # set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
- set-max-intset-entries 512
- # Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
- # order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
- # elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
- zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
- zset-max-ziplist-value 64
- # Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
- # order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
- # keys to values). The hash table implementation redis uses (see dict.c)
- # performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table
- # that is rhashing, the more rehashing “steps” are performed, so if the
- # server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
- # by the hash table.
- #
- # The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
- # active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
- #
- # If unsure:
- # use “activerehashing no” if you have hard latency requirements and it is
- # not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time
- # to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
- #
- # use “activerehashing yes” if you don’t have such hard requirements but
- # want to free memory asap when possible.
- activerehashing yes
- ################################## INCLUDES ###################################
- # Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you
- # have a standard template that goes to all redis server but also need
- # to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include
- # other files, so use this wisely.
- #
- # include /path/to/local.conf
- # include /path/to/other.conf
中文说明:
1,是否以后台进程运行,默认为no
daemonize no
2,如以后台进程运行,则需指定一个pid,默认为/var/run/redis.pid
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
3,监听端口,默认为6379
port 6379
4,绑定主机IP,默认值为127.0.0.1(注释)
bind 127.0.0.1
5,超时时间,默认为300(秒)
timeout 300
6,日志记录等级,有4个可选值,debug,verbose(默认值),notice,warning
loglevel verbose
7,日志记录方式,默认值为stdout
logfile stdout
8,可用数据库数,默认值为16,默认数据库为0
databases 16
9,指出在多长时间内,有多少次更新操作,就将数据同步到数据文件。这个可以多个条件配合,比如默认配置文件中的设置,就设置了三个条件。
900秒(15分钟)内至少有1个key被改变
save 900 1
300秒(5分钟)内至少有10个key被改变
save 300 10
10,存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据,默认为yes
rdbcompression yes
11,本地数据库文件名,默认值为dump.rdb
dbfilename /root/redis_db/dump.rdb
12,本地数据库存放路径,默认值为 ./
dir /root/redis_db/
13,当本机为从服务时,设置主服务的IP及端口(注释)
slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
14,当本机为从服务时,设置主服务的连接密码(注释)
masterauth <master-password>
15,连接密码(注释)
requirepass foobared
16,最大客户端连接数,默认不限制(注释)
maxclients 128
17,设置最大内存,达到最大内存设置后,Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key,当此方法处理后,任到达最大内存设置,将无法再进行写入操作。(注释)
maxmemory <bytes>
18,是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录,如果不开启,可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的,所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认值为no
appendonly yes
19,更新日志文件名,默认值为appendonly.aof(注释)
appendfilename /root/redis_db/appendonly.aof
20,更新日志条件,共有3个可选值。no表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘,always表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘,everysec表示每秒同步一次(默认值)。
appendfsync everysec
21,是否使用虚拟内存,默认值为no
vm-enabled yes
22,虚拟内存文件路径,默认值为/tmp/redis.swap,不可多个Redis实例共享
vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
23,将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的 (Redis的索引数据就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0。
vm-max-memory 0
24,虚拟内存文件以块存储,每块32bytes
vm-page-size 32
25,虚拟内在文件的最大数
vm-pages 134217728
26,可以设置访问swap文件的线程数,设置最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的.可能会造成比较长时间的延迟,但是对数据完整性有很好的保证.
vm-max-threads 4
27,把小的输出缓存放在一起,以便能够在一个TCP packet中为客户端发送多个响应,具体原理和真实效果我不是很清楚。所以根据注释,你不是很确定的时候就设置成yes
glueoutputbuf yes
28,在redis 2.0中引入了hash数据结构。当hash中包含超过指定元素个数并且最大的元素没有超过临界时,hash将以一种特殊的编码方式(大大减少内存使用)来存储,这里可以设置这两个临界值
hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
29,hash中一个元素的最大值
hash-max-zipmap-value 512
30,开启之后,redis将在每100毫秒时使用1毫秒的CPU时间来对redis的hash表进行重新hash,可以降低内存的使用。当你的使 用场景中,有非常严格的实时性需要,不能够接受Redis时不时的对请求有2毫秒的延迟的话,把这项配置为no。如果没有这么严格的实时性要求,可以设置 为yes,以便能够尽可能快的释放内存
activerehashing yes
可以参考:
Redis的部署使用文档 http://www.elain.org/?p=505
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安装PHP的Redis扩展
先去下载https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis/downloads
#wget https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis/downloads
# tar -zxvf nicolasff-phpredis-2.1.3-124-gd4ad907.tar.gz
# mv nicolasff-phpredis-d4ad907 php-5.3.8/ext/phpredis/
# cd php-5.3.8/ext/phpredis/
# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
# ./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
# make && make install
配置php.ini
vi /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
(加入:
extension=redis.so
)
先要看看有没有extension_dir=/…….
重启apache或者nginx
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
测试代码:
- <?php
- $redis = new Redis();
- $redis->connect(‘127.0.0.1’,6379);
- $redis->set(‘test’,‘hello world!’);
- echo $redis->get(‘test’);
- ?>
参考:
Linux(CentOS 5.5) Redis 安装及RedisPHP拓展安装应用
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-08/41404.htm
安装redis和phpredis模块
http://skandgjxa.blog.163.com/blog/static/14152982011712112933816/
RHEL5下编译安装Redis及其PHP扩展库
http://hi.baidu.com/zjstandup/blog/item/9f38b825d379c96c35a80f7f.html
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